The effect of regional anaesthesia on respiratory function

Regional anaesthesia may affect respiratory muscle function, pulmonary bronchial tone and postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. These effects on respiratory function depend on the concentration of the local anaesthetic used and, mostly, on the location of the regional block. Most peripheral nerve blocks have no effect on respiratory function and are, therefore, often recommended as the technique of choice for respiratorily-compromised patients. The only exception is the interscalene block which will affect respiratory muscle function. The major concern is linked to thoracic epidural anaesthesia which may affect respiratory muscle function and bronchial tone.